Colonial Benin (formerly, République du Dahomey/Republic of Dahomey) Dahomey was a French colony of and a part of French West Africa from 1904 to 1959. Not to be confused with the West African country of, Federal Government Girls College, Benin City, "International Rubber Study Group - Nigeria", "Story of cities #5: Benin City, the mighty medieval capital now lost without trace", "The Desperate Journey of a Trafficked Girl", Story of cities #5: Benin City, the mighty medieval capital now lost without trace, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benin_City&oldid=1017206474, Sacred sites in traditional African religions, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 April 2021, at 13:22. Thomson Gale (Firm). Benin City is the capital, and largest city of Edo State in southern Nigeria. Various festivals are held in Benin City yearly to celebrate various historic occasions and seasons. Benin City is the centre of Nigeria's rubber industry, and oil production is also a significant industry.[2]. [4], Benin held legislative elections on March 31, 2007, for the 83 seats in the National Assembly. Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders (2003), page 55. [4], Former West African Development Bank Director Yayi Boni won the March 2006 election for the presidency in a field of 26 candidates. Excavations at the city have revealed that it was once surrounded by high earthworks but, as there are many gaps, it is not thought that these were for a defensive purpose. If that's not enough, click over to our collection of world maps and flags. Oba Oguola {about 1280-1295}was reported to have dug the first and second moats to fortify the City from invaders; Udo warriors “Iyokuo” under the command of Chief Akpanigiakon a … The people of the city have one of the richest dress cultures on the African continent and are known for their beads, body marks, bangles, anklets, raffia work and the subsistence farming of yam, plantain and cassava. Was he invited? The kingdom of Benin, home of the Edo-speaking peoples, is located in the tropical rain forest region of what is now Nigeria. After that time, the kingdom no longer played a governing role in West Africa. Attractions in the city include the National Museum, the Oba Palace, Igun Street (Famous for bronze casting and other metal works). located in the city centre on King's Square.The museum has a significant number of artifacts related to the Benin Empire such as terracotta, bronze figures and cast iron pieces. [3], The original people and founders of the Ẹdo Empire and the Ẹdo people initially were ruled by the Ogiso (Kings of the Sky) dynasty who called their land Igodomigodo. That vote was marred by irregularities, and the electoral commission was forced to repeat that single election. The Kingdom of Dahomey, from where the original name derived, only covered the southern part of the modern country and did not represent it as a whole, specifically northwestern areas Atakor, o… Benin became independentfrom France on August 1, 1960. [11] James D. Graham notes that although "there is little doubt that human sacrifices were an integral part of the Benin state religion from very early days," firsthand accounts regarding such acts often varied significantly, with some reporting them and others making no mention of them.[12]. [5] Ọọni of Ifẹ. Kérékou, encouraged by France and other democratic powers, convened a national conference that introduced a new democratic constitution and held presidential and legislative elections. Economic Community of West African States, https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-benin-election-idAFJOE72L02120110322, https://www.france24.com/en/Benin-presidential-elections-mark-victory-Talon, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/13/benins-president-wins-re-election-with-86-official, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/11/vote-counting-in-benin-after-election-marked-by-violent-protests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Benin&oldid=1018670495, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from April 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Department of State Background Notes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 April 2021, at 07:49. Benin was the seat of one of the great medieval African kingdoms. The first exibition is the Oba Akenzua II Gallery, the second exbition is Chief S.O Alonge's works : The Photographer to the Royal Cout of Benin and the 3rd exibition focuses on Unity in diversity One of the interesting aspects for me was learning about the holy aruosa church benin and that is still stands till date. Colonial Benin (formerly, République du Dahomey/Republic of Dahomey). In either case, during O… The four top-ranking contenders following the first round presidential elections were Mathieu Kérékou (incumbent) 45.4%, Nicephore Soglo (former president) 27.1%, Adrien Houngbédji (National Assembly Speaker) 12.6%, and Bruno Amoussou (Minister of State) 8.6%. It is the fourth-largest city in Nigeria after Lagos, Kano and Ibadan, with a total population of 1,782,000 as of 2021. History. Das Königreich gehört zu den am umfangreichsten dokumentierten vorkolonialen Reichen Westafrikas und wurde erst am Ende des 19. Supporters of Soglo also secured a majority in the National Assembly Benin was thus the first African country to effect successfully the transition from dictatorship to a pluralistic political system, Between 1960 and 1972, a succession of military coups brought about many changes of government. Around 1500, the Portuguese explorer Duarte Pacheco Pereira, briefly described the walls during his travels.Another description given around 1600, one hundred years after Pereira's description, is by the Dutch explorer Dierick Ruiters. According to oral tradition, Oranyan came to power because he married a local chief's daughter and formed a kinship connection that led to ruling rights. A new ruler, Oba Eweka II, was instituted in 1914 and he established the Benin Arts Council in the mid-1920s. Benin City has a borderline tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) bordering upon a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Some residents of Benin could still speak a pidgin Portuguese in the late 19th century. He refused to return to Ẹdo but sent his son Ọranmiyan to become king in his place. Thomson Gale, 2006. [4], During the 2001 elections, however, alleged irregularities and dubious practices led to a boycott of the run-off poll by the main opposition candidates. [3] The People's Revolutionary Party of Benin (PRPB) remained in complete power until the beginning of the 1990s. This left Kérékou to run against his own Minister of State, Amoussou, in what was termed a "friendly match. French colonisation came in 18… Die Amtssprache war Edo. He established a hereditary succession to the throne and vastly expanded the territory of the Benin kingdom, which by the mid-16th century extended from the Niger River delta in the east to what is now Lagos in the west. The success of a party formed by supporters of ex-president Kérékou, who had officially retired from active politics, allowed him to stand successfully at both the 1996 and 2001 presidential elections. 4. When the Europeans arrived in the 18th Century Danhomey was still growing. It was destroyed in 1897 by the British, who attacked after the Edo assaulted an earlier British expedition, which had been told not to enter the city during a religious festival but nonetheless attempted to do so. The country was known as Dahomey during the colonial period and in early independence. This was at a time when theft and murder were rife in London. The Benin City walls have been known to Westerners since around 1500. Most of these artifacts can be found today in British museums and other parts of the world. The engineering feat still marvels in modern times. The capital region of the country and the area nearby was referred as ‘Slave Coast’ from as early as the 17thcentury. Benin City was the principal city of the Edo (Bini) kingdom of Benin (flourished 13th–19th century). Brass plaques and sculptures have been created by the Edo (known also as the Bini), the indigenous people of the Benin Empire, as early as the 13th century, prior to their contact with Europeans. The second round balloting, originally scheduled for March 18, 2001, was postponed for days because both Soglo and Houngbedji withdrew, alleging electoral fraud. Allegedly Ọba Ẹwẹka later changed the name of the city of Ile-Binu, the capital of the Benin kingdom, to "Ubinu." Following Nigeria's independence from British rule in 1960, Benin City became the capital of Mid-Western Region when the region was split from Western Region in June 1963; it remained the capital of the region when the region was renamed Bendel State in 1976, and became the state capital of Ẹdo State when Bendel was split into Delta and Edo states in 1991. On November 30, 1975, it was renamed Benin after the Bight of Benin, the body of water on its coast. He died after a long reign and was succeeded by Ere, his eldest son. Benin Airport serves the city with three commercial airlines flying to it, including Arik Air, Air Peace and Azman. [citation needed], The exiled Ekaladerhan, who was not known, gained the title of Oni Ile-fe Izoduwa, which has been corrected in the Yoruba language to Ọọni (Ọghẹnẹ) of Ile-Ifẹ Oduduwa. Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East: L to Z. Infobase Publishing, 2009. [4], National Assembly elections took place in March 2003 and were generally considered to be free and fair. In anger over an oracle, Prince Ekaladerhan left the royal court with his warriors. President Yayi was inaugurated on April 6, 2006. Alternatively, Yorubas believe Oduduwa was from the Middle East and migrated from that area to the present Ile Ife. The City of Benin Benin, the capital of the kingdom, is located some 30 kilometres (18.6 miles) from the coast and to the west of the Niger River. Igodo, the first Ogiso, wielded much influence and gained popularity as a good ruler. [4] Prince Ọranmiyan took up residence in the palace built for him at Uzama by the elders, now a coronation shrine. Benin grew rich during the 16th and 17th centuries due to trade within southern Nigeria, as well as through trade with Europeans, mostly in pepper and ivory. Eweka II taught Ovia Idah, a noted ebony carver. [citation needed] Because of his power and military might, he was able to conquer the enemies invading Ife city. On December 4, 1958, it became the Republic of Dahomey. That was why the people of Ile Ife made him the King or Oni of Ife city. In the 12th century, great palace intrigue and the battle for power erupted between the warrior crown prince Ekaladerhan, son of the last Ogiso and his young paternal uncle. Check out our countryprofile, full of essential information about Benin'sgeography, history,government, economy, population, culture, religion and languages. Kérékou's principal opponent at the presidential poll, and the ultimate victor, was Prime Minister Nicéphore Soglo. [6] This was about the time the people of Ọkpẹkpẹ migrated from Benin City. [1] It is situated approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of the Benin River and 320 kilometres (200 mi) by road east of Lagos. Secondary schools in Nigeria are, among others, Edo College, Edo Boys High School (Adolo College), Western Boys High School, Oba Ewuare Grammar School, Greater Tomorrow Secondary School, Garrick Memorial Secondary School, Winrose Secondary School, Asoro Grammar School, Eghosa Grammar School, Edokpolor Grammar School, Covenant Christian Academy, Niger College, Presentation National High School, Immaculate Conception College, Idia College, University of Benin Demonstration Secondary School, University Preparatory Secondary School, Auntie Maria School, Benin Technical College, Headquarters of Word of Faith Group of Schools, Lydia Group of Schools, Nosakhare Model Education Centre and Igbinedion Educational Center, Federal Government Girls College, Benin City, Paragon Comprehensive College, and Itohan Girls Grammar School. Therefore, Ọranmiyan of Ife, the father of Ẹwẹka I, the Ọba of Benin, was also the father of Ajaka, the first Alaafin of Ọyọ. The British permitted the restoration of the Benin monarchy in 1914, but true political power still lay with the colonial administration of Nigeria. Kérékou's principal opponent at the presidential poll, and the ultimate victor, was Prime Minister Nicéphore Soglo. The rich culture and history of Benin City can be appreciated in many notable buildings and sites throughout the city. The Benin name was picked for its neutrality. The capture of Benin paved the way for British military occupation and the merging of later regional British incorporation of African kingdoms into the Niger Coast Protectorate, the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and finally, into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. [2] By 1975 the Republic of Dahomey changed its name to the People's Republic of Benin. Even in Nigeria today, this history isn’t included in the school curriculum. The Benin empire was … The houses are large, especially that of the king, which is richly decorated and has fine columns. Many Portuguese loan words can still be found today in the languages of the area. By the 1st century BC, the Benin territory was partially agricultural; and it became primarily agricultural by around 500 AD, but hunting and gathering still remained important. Supporters of Soglo also secured a majority in the National Assembly. They traded with the Frendh, the Dutch, and the Portuguese.
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